INTRODUCTION
Visited
India for internship is a dream for most university students in world. It is a
honour and exited felling when my airplane landed in Indira Gandhi
International Airport, New Dehli, India at December 02th 2011. I was there for
internship with a NGO for Indegenous or Tribal People of India project, with
another trainee we did research to know how India tribal people now and what is
the change happened to them now.
India
is a country in South Asia which rich in culture and custume, Tribal People of
India or Indigenous People of India not so famous if compare with India food,
with the dance, with the cobra, movie industry, and tourism spot. I found some books
in english written about India tribal people and some video also but still not
making India Tribal people famous as the movie industry, the food ect.
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| This Pic taken by writer, Indigenous or Tribal People of India old woman and her grandchildren sitting in outsitetheir house for warm them self in sun after long night cold in winter season.[1] |
Indigenous or tribal people literally translated to original inhabitants[2] or a origin society living for long time in specific area and growth with their culture, religion, custome, agriculture thecnic for farmer or fishing technic for fisher. Tribal people in India has called Adivasi[3]. Adivasi is one of larger population in India and they have rich culture and each Adivasi has different own identity and cultural.[4] There are 697 tribes recognize in india by Central Government.[5] Adivasi has been occupied more than one state in India, more than half of Adivasi live in the States like Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Orrisa, Jharkhand and Gujarat, in area as Haryana, Punjab, Dehli, Pondicherry and Chandigarh no community has been notified as specific tribal group.[6] The other India tribal societies are foud in Rajasthan, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar islands, West Bengal, Mizoram and other states in Northeastern India.[7]
Long
century ago Adivasi has their own territories, science, thecnology, way of
life, religion, language and cultural.[8]
Government of India made effort to integrate Adivasi to majority within a
national and political system but this effort create pressure Adivasi, for
example majority pressure Adivasi to practice Majority religions like Hinduism,
Christian, Islam and Bhuddist and leaved Adivasi religions which already
practiced for long time by them.[9]
The most occupation of Adivasi is agriculture and shepherd beside that Adivasi
also has occupation as carpenter, trader, digger and navy, ect.[10]
In India Adivasi recognize as low caste and outsystem of Hindu[11],
it’s mean tribal people of India has no in Hindu religion system and their
treate as low people by middle and hight class in social interaction.
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Adivasi
old woman standing in wall pating in her house. The paiting show about India
war situation and other custume. She painting her wall with colour from plants
not use crayon which product from specific chemical.[12]
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Seem
in a flash Adivasi people same as poor people in India, same in clothes, house
condition, and lifestyle ect. But Mr. Narendra Sisodia ( Head of NGO Niru
Foundation) has told there have different beetween poor people and Adivasi people,
for example from their language and pronuntiation different from poor people
which not Adivasi.[14]
Is Adivasi People
change today?
A
lot things about Adivasi are interesting to know or to research. There are a
lot of tribal people in world from another country beside India but India
tribal people interesting because they are “dreadful” to majority because
Adivasi people reputed with uncivilization people in India.[15]
Taxi driver was really shocking when I said to him that I live one day full
with Adivasi family, he said “are you oke
with their house and food? Are they nice to you? They are bad people because
they not civilization”[16].
Most Indian astonished in face if I told them about what I do in Gujarat, India
with Adivasi people. It is the interesting thing about Adivasi to research and
adventure with.
Observation
was doing in one family Adivasi People that living in Pancmahal District,
Gujarat, India. They are Rathwa family, Rathwa is one of Adivasi people class
and Rathwa use in people from this Adivasi class as their surename.[17]
This family have twelve family members that live in one house, they are;
father, mother with four children, two wife from their two sons and four
grandchildren[18].
Family occupation is agriculture in their own land, Rathwa family have big land
for agriculture and have two buffalo.[19] The
father said education is not important to them, when I asked who is from the
children finished their senior hight school than the father answered that no
one of his children finished in elementary school and he said to me that his youngest
daughter is studying in elementary school now but in my observation the girl is
not show she has a book, pen and she not went to school the day we there and
she is not in the school when we visited the elementary school in their village[20]
and the old sister working on construction in the Ahmedabad City and the old
brothers take care land with their father and mother.[21]
Previous page mentioned India Government has policy to integrate Adivasi people
to majority so, they can have their right as India nationality. India
Government provide free basic until hight school education for Adivasi people
and Public universities in India give big opportunity and free eduction to
Young Adivasi who want continue study in university more than majority, said
Adivasi Woman which become member of Parliament in India.[22]
But, She said again most even in big number of Youth and Young Adivasi not take
this good opportunity to adapt in their life and there also no support from
their parents to let their children take this opportunity. She said “It’s because I go to school and university,
so I can become my self today not like most Adivasi people who like to doing
work in junggle and not like to go school. So, this all can inform that
India Government policy to Adivasi people is not successfull, there still big
number of Adivasi people not finished their school than of course they can not
enjoy what majority enjoy like education, economic, public facilities and
infrastructure ect.
 |
| Rathwa Family house.[23] |
Rathwa
family confession that they still practice their marriage custom, language and
their other cultural ceremony in their own culture way which taught by their
ancetor.[24]
In marriege ceremony Rathwa family and the other Adivasi people doing the
custume combine Adivasi culture and Hinduism custom[25].
 |
| This is Rathwa Family that become my research object.[26] |
Daily
life of Rathwa family is interesting to expose, there injustice and equality
between man and woman on duty everyday. In the morning all woman in house will
start working from prepare breakfast to family, clean the shelter and take out
shit og buffalo with hands and made floor from it than continue work in field
help the father, cooking for lunch, washing and other things.[27]
All woman did these work everyday in same time. But these all work were not
doing by all man on in rathwa family, in the morning they just sitting and have
breakfast when the woman were working.[28]
Rathwa family’s were astonishement when they look at my tootbrush, colgate and
soap when I clean up my self in the morning and than I found out that they not
use toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their tooth but they use small wood
which they bite until become like brush than use toclean their tooth everyday
and they not have shower the day and two babies of rathwa family was not got
hygine treatment.[29]
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| Rathwa family daughter wood which she bite until become like brush than use toclean her tooth every morning.[30] |
Clothes
as jeans, trouser, jacket, shirt & T-shirt are wearing clothes of Rathwa family
members but the women and girls wearing traditional clothes like sari and others,
in observation Rathwa family not wearing special jewellery of Adivasi People
that I seen before in Adivasi Festival in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India at December
2011 and there is no specific reason why rathwa family not wearing the
beautifull Adivasi jewallery. Rathwa family economic condition is in low
classification or rate, living in traditional house, electricity support from
Government which on view hours in night, doesn’t has electric device and inside
house condition is very poor.[31]
But Rathwa family also adapt modernization in their life, such as Rathwa family
members has mobile phone, wearing (jeans, shirt, T-shirt, socks ect), operating
machine to get water for their farm or agriculture and Rathwa family praticed
Hindu.[32]
CONCLUSSION
The
Great Philosopher of Sociology said impossible to change behavior of people or
society without change their ethic system and impossible to change their ethic
system without study or know about their theology system ( values of cultural)
( Max Weber, Capitalism). The political India Government to integrate Adivasi
to majority after view years got Independent from British is not successfull
base on observation already done.
Adivasi
still live in their theology system ( values of cultural ) for example Adivasi
people not participation in education and they choose to not use shelter which
build by Government with excuse that they not felt comfortable with building
from wall[33].
Education is way to change their theology system ( values of cultural ) but
first India Government must colaboration with Adivasi self with ojective to
learn more about Adivasi self directly or political formula is bottom-up.
In
the last, I hope my country and Government Timor-Leste can learn something from
this research about Tribal people. Timor-Leste Tribal or rural people is in
different condition as India Tribal people but there are same phenomena is some
Timor-Leste Goverment political to tribal or rural people is not correct
somehow. For example Rural people asking or need fix school building and more
chair and table for students but Goverment busy with open street in rural area,
when Timorese Juvenil in big number leaved their school for unimportant reason
Government create socialization about drugs, gender and give aid in agriculture
stuff to rural people.
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| My Self with the dancers in Adivasi Fair in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Winter 2012. |
REFERENCE
Bulletin:
C.R.
Bijoy. “The Adivasis of Indian-A History
of Discrimanation Conflict And Resistance” Essay in PUCL Bulletin, February
2003.
Internet:
www.indianetzone.com/37/indian_tribal_people.htm.
countrystudies.us/india/57.htm
Observation in Field:
Disccus
with Head of NGO Niru Foundation Mr. Narendra Sisodia.
Data
from Study tour in Museum of City Palace, Udaipur, Rajhastan, India. December
2011.
Disccus
with Head of NGO Niru Foundation Mr. Narendra Sisodia.
Opinion
from some non-Adivasi people in Gujarat and Dehli. Interview Section. December
2011-January 2012.
Opinion
from Taxi Driver in Dehli. Interview Section. January 2012.
Observation
a day in Rathwa Family. January 2011.
Interview
with Adivasi Woman which become member Parlament. January 2012.
Observation
a day in Rathwa Family and interview Rathwa family. January 2011.
Observation
in Adivasi villages area near by Godhra District.
India,
January 2012
Mariani VK.
[1] Private Source
[2] C.R. Bijoy. “The Adivasis of
Indian-A History of Discrimanation Conflict And Resistance” Essay in PUCL
Bulletin, February 2003.
[3] Ibid.
[4] “India Tribal People”. Indianetzone,
http:www.indianetzone.com/37/indian_tribal_people.htm.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Ibid.
[8] C.R. Bijoy. “The Adivasis of
Indian-A History of Discrimanation Conflict And Resistance” Essay in PUCL
Bulletin, February 2003.
[9] “Tribal Religion”. http:countrystudies.us/india/57.htm
[10] R.V. Russel. 2007. “The Tribes and castes of The Central Province of
India Volume III”. http:www.gutenberg.org/files/22010-h/22010-h.htm.
[11] Disccus with Head of NGO Niru Foundation Mr. Narendra Sisodia. Data
from obrservation in field during Research activity in India December 2011-
January 2012.
[12] Private source.
[13] Data from Study tour in Museum of City Palace, Udaipur, Rajhastan,
India. December 2011
[14] Disccus with Head of NGO Niru Foundation Mr. Narendra Sisodia. Data
from obrservation in field during Research activity in India December 2011-
January 2012.
[15] Opinion from some non-Adivasi people in Gujarat and Dehli. Interview
Section. December 2011-January 2012.
[16] Opinion from Taxi Driver in Dehli. Interview Section. January 2012.
[17] Observation a day in Rathwa Family. January 2011.
[18] Ibid.
[19] Ibid.
[20] Ibid.
[21] Ibid.
[22] Interview with Adivasi Woman which become member Parlament. January
2012.
[23] Private source.
[24] Observation a day in Rathwa Family and interview Rathwa family.
January 2011.
[25] Ibid
[26] Private source.
[27] Observation a day in Rathwa Family and interview Rathwa family.
January 2011.
[28] Ibid.
[29] Ibid.
[30] Private source.
[31] Ibid.
[32] Ibid.
[33] Observation in Adivasi villages area near by Godhra District.
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